Pages

Showing posts with label Marketing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Marketing. Show all posts

Monday, 2 June 2025

More on catchphrases

Our family were collectors of catch phrases from popular media which somehow managed to anchor in our collective psyche. As we have created our own families, those habits have endured. I have written about catchphrases before (here), but that post reminded me about our family habit, and I began to note some favourites as I encountered them. I have collected some of these phrases in this post. 

Such as this line from The Castle where the Kerrigan family are served rissoles at the dinner table: "Yeah, but it's what you do with it" (Sitch, 1997, 11:23). I always impute a 'darl' onto the end of that particular line, although the 'darl' occurs in the earlier exploration of the sponge cake "What d'you call that, darl?" (2:40). Not to mention the classic place to store precious presents from the family: "This is going straight to the pool room" (8:20), "Looks like everybody's kicked a goal" (18:06) about seasoning on chicken, and "We're going to Bonny Doon" (23:36). 

I also love the phrase "A fish goes rotten from it's head" (from the Turkish, "the fish stinks first at the head", Porter, 1768, p. 27). Why? Because it implies that as the leaders are, so shall the followers be. Good leadership will inspire good followership. A stink will create a stink throughout. 

"I love it when a plan comes together" (Hasburgh & Cannell, 1983). Ah, the A Team. Gone but not forgotten.

Which leads me to "Ah, it's the old [XXX] trick" from Get Smart (Stern & Sultan, 1965-1970); the "cone of silence" (which morphed into the 'cone of shame' for pet post-op self-harm prevention); and "Sorry about that, chief" the latter being our father's favourite stock phrase. 

Then there was the FabergĂ© organics shampoo: the ad which had Heather Locklear saying "I told two friends about it, and they told two friends, and so on, and so on, and so on" while the screen divided into two, four, eight, sixteen and so on Heathers (ewjxn, 2020, 0:07). 

Or how about "Thunderbirds are GO!" (Anderson, 1966). Nothing like telling people that, to galvanise us all: darned near sixty years on.

And then there is the often mis-quoted opening crawl from the first Star Wars movie, "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away....", which I always remember as long, long "ago, in a galaxy far, far away...." (Lucas, 1977). 

Not to mention from Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, John Cleese's French Maitre'D character offering Terry Jones's Mr Creosote: "And finally, monsieur, a wafer-thin mint" (Monty Python, 2025), before Mr Creosote explodes, first verbally, then physically. 

And the Life of Brian (1979). So many to choose from here! John Cleese as a Roman Centurion "Wha's this then" and proceeds to give Brian a Latin grammar lesson (24:47). Mandy, mother of Brian, saying "He's not the messiah! He's a very naughty boy!" (1:05:34). "Only the true Messiah denies His divinity!" Brian retorts "What?! Well, what sort of chance does that give me? All right! I am the Messiah!" whereupon his followers say "He is! He is the Messiah!"(1:01:50). And finally, where Eric Idle sings "Some things in life are bad, they can really make you mad; and other things just make you swear and curse. When you are chewing on life's gristle; don't grumble, give a whistle! And this'll make things turn out for the best -" (1:29:43).

"...and always look on the bright side of life" (1:30:04).


Sam

References:

Anderson, S. (1966). Thunderbirds Are Go [puppet film]. Century 21 Productions.

ewjxn. (2020, March 4). 1984 Fabergé Organics shampoo "Heather Locklear told two friends" TV Commercial [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Hyxmj1Yf6Dk

Hasburgh, P. (Producer), & Cannell, S. J. (Writer). (1983). The A-Team Series 1 [Lt.Col. John "Hannibal" Smith catchphrase]. NBC.

Jones, T. (1979). Life of Brian [film]. HandMade Films; Python (Monty) Pictures.

Lucas, G. (Writer, Director). (1977). Star Wars [Episode IV: A New Hope]. Lucasfilm.

Monty Python. (2025). The Meaning of Life Script - Part VI: The Autumn Years. http://www.montypython.50webs.com/scripts/Meaning_of_Life/10.htm

Porter, J. (1768). Observations on the Religion, Law, Government, and Manners, of the Turks (Vol 1.). J. Norse Bookseller.

Sitch, R. (Director). (1997). The Castle [film]. Working Dog Productions.

Stern, L. B. (Executive Producer), Sultan, A. (Executive Producer, 1968–70). (1965-1970). Get Smart [TV Series, 1-5]. Talent Associates; CBS Productions.

Wikipedia. (2025). Monty Python's Life of Brian. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python's_Life_of_Brian

read more "More on catchphrases"

Friday, 21 June 2024

Catchphrases

We use catchphrases as social shorthand to convey meaning, and to create connection (Harris et al., 2008). Catchphrase was beautifully detailed by Mackay (1841, 1892), who said: "walk where we will, we cannot help hearing from every side a phrase repeated with delight, and received with laughter, by men with hard hands and dirty faces, by saucy butcher-lads and errand-boys, by loose women, by hackney-coachmen, cabriolet-drivers, and idle fellows who loiter at the corners of streets. Not one utters this phrase without producing a laugh from all within hearing. It seems applicable to every circumstance, and is the universal answer to every question; in short, it is the favourite slang of the day, a phrase that, while its brief season of popularity lasts, throws a dash of fun and frolicsomeness over [our] existence" (p. 240). Got to love those loose women. 

It was always a thing in our family to remember trite straplines and catchphrases from popular culture: whether the source is movies, TV shows, and advertising. We then pepper our conversation - often inappropriately - with them. Many of our family favourites have long legs indeed, surviving forty plus years. For example, the response to a recent purchase "yeah, but it's a Clayton's one" (i.e., fake; Wikipedia, 2024a); in response to needing to find some information while talking to family, responding "one moment caller" (scripted American-style responses used by Telecom NZ - co-owned by AT&T and Bell Atlantic, and often miss-pitched in the early 1980s - we use this as a filler for ANY pause while we rummage); and, in response to "what's for dinner?", the response "lots of Noodles!" (which was an instant noodles product. The brand itself is lost to the mists of time).

We also tend to reply to infomercial straplines in a catch and response way with "send no money now, we will bill you!" and "But wait, there's more!". While Culley (2022) suggests that the latter of these two catch phrases is QUITE old indeed - having arisen in the USA in 1949, in preparing a television ad for Vitamix blenders - when I viewed the ad itself, neither catchphrase is in the ad. I was unable to find any reference dated earlier than 1977; finding a Fossil magazine ad in Scientific American for "send no money now" (Lester, 1977). However, Script to Screen (2021) suggests that both "But wait, there's more!" and "send no money now, we will bill you" both arose from the Ginsu knives ad (Culley, 2022; The Museum of Classic Chicago Television, 2012; Wikipedia, 2024b), which is where my family remembers these two catchphrases from. It seems quite possible that "send now money now" was already a stock phrase. However, I think it was Ginsu's ad which popularlised the "how much would you pay?" and the "well, we will send you six precision steak knives for FREE!" (The Museum of Classic Chicago Television, 2012).

See below for the 1949 Vitamix ad, and the 1980 Ginsu knife ad.

Language is a fascinating thing.


Sam

References:

Culley, T. (2022). “But wait! There’s more.” Papa Bernard and the First TV infomercial. Academia Letters, 2022(1), 4676, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL4676

Harris, R. J., Werth, A. J., Bures, K. E., & Bartel, C. M. (2008). Social movie quoting: What, why, and how?. Ciencias Psicologicas, 2(1), 35-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260458479_Social_movie_quoting_What_why_and_how

Lester, H. A. (1977). The response to acetylcholine. Scientific American, 236(2), 106-120. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0277-106

Mackay, C. (1841). Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions (reprinted 1892). Richard Bentley.

Script to Screen. (2021, May 27). Infomercial. https://www.scripttoscreen.com/infomercial/

The Museum of Classic Chicago Television. (2012, February 3). The Ginsu (Commercial Offer, 1980) [video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wzULnlHr8w

Vitamix. (2021, June 18). Original 1949 Vitamix Infomercial - Papa Barnard [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Rm5IzzGPzQA

Wikipedia. (2024a). Claytons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claytons

Wikipedia. (2024b). Ginsu. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsu

read more "Catchphrases"

Wednesday, 28 September 2022

The 10 Ps of the marketing mix

Where once in marketing we had the marketing mix consisting of 4 P's - product, place, price and promotion, coined by Borden (1964) - we now have the 7 P's, with an additional people, process, and physical environment (Baines & Fill, 2014, 2019) which I have explored here. However, I recently read an article (Sherwood, 2022) which listed the 'new' Ps as "promise, personality and purpose". My curiosity was piqued immediately!

These additional P's are defined as:

  • Promise: "In 1931, Procter & Gamble used the results of a survey to advertise Camay soap. The survey asked 50 eligible bachelors what they looked for in a girl they would marry. Forty-eight agreed that they wanted “a girl whose charm is natural”. Just in case anyone missed the point, the writer of the survey also consulted 73 dermatologists. All of them said that they would not hesitate to recommend Camay for the most delicate complexion. A tangible product (soap) had been freighted with an implied and intangible promise (marital prospects). For a small investment in Camay (10 cents for a bar) you could buy a very big dream indeed" (Sherwood, 2022).

  • Personality. In "affluent postwar US [...], quality had so improved across the board that products could no longer be differentiated on that basis alone. Now the brand manager’s chief task was to give his product an identity that would set it apart from its rivals, and stand out on the increasingly crowded supermarket shelves. One method was to make the product as eye-catching as possible. Another was to add “personality”. Products were no longer just products; they could be friends. Tide used both methods. The washing powder’s orange and yellow “bullet” design – still in use today – made it instantly recognisable. And the adverts showing houseproud housewives hugging a packet as if it were a long-lost friend – “Tide’s got what women want!” – made the all-important emotional connection" (Sherwood, 2022).

  • Purpose. "In response to criticism from campaigners, brands have begun to present themselves as activists. We see them burnishing their societal credentials and inspiring others to do the same. Nike released an advert, Dream Crazy, featuring Colin Kaepernick, the NFL quarterback who first knelt for the pre-game national anthem in protest at racial injustice. The slogan reads: “Believe in something. Even if it means sacrificing everything. Just do it.” Dulux proclaims that it is not selling paint but “tins of optimism”, and donates half-a-million litres of paint to teams of employee-volunteers to give a facelift to rundown urban neighbourhoods. Consumers buy Harry’s razors rather than Gillette’s because Harry’s gives 1% of revenue to men’s mental health charities. We increasingly buy brands for the lifestyle they encapsulate and the values they represent. To put it simply, the trajectory of brands over the past century or so has been to sell you more and more feelings" (Sherwood, 2022).

I do like Sherwood's three 'new' Ps (2022), but I don't think we should retire the 'real' ones (Baines & Fill, 2014, 2019). But does this mean that we now have 10 Ps?


Sam

References:

Baines, P. & Fill, C. (2014). Marketing (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Baines, P., Fill, C., Rosengren, S., & Antonetti, P. (2019). Marketing (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Borden, N.H. (1964). The concept of the marketing mix. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(4), 2–7.

Sherwood, A. (10 May 2022). Spot the difference: the invincible business of counterfeit goods. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/may/10/spot-the-difference-the-invincible-business-of-counterfeit-goods

read more "The 10 Ps of the marketing mix"

Wednesday, 21 September 2022

The 7 Ps of the marketing mix

The Marketing Mix (Borden, 1964) is a set of controllable marketing variables that we blend ('mix') together to create a marketing programme for a specific target market. Where once in marketing we had the marketing mix consisting of 4 P's - product, place, price and promotion, coined by Borden (1964) - we now have the 7 P's, with an additional people, process, and physical environment (Baines & Fill, 2014, 2019). The original four Ps are:

  • Product (or service). This is what we are selling, and it needs to have 'value' for the cost; to be competitive in the target market. It is what people want, not what we think they want. The level of quality needs to be right: Bentley vs Kia for example
  • Place. his is how we get our product/service to our market, or where our customers buy. Distribution networks often manage this for us, but we need to ensure we know enough to choose the right place, time, and quantities. We need to think about delivery times and provide realistic guidance for online orders.
  • Price. Ahh: how much we charge for our product/service, which is only worth what a customer will pay for it. This is the only part of the marketing mix offering revenue, and pricing needs to be competitive – but this may not mean that we are the cheapest. If we provide more value - or value added – we can charge more. Think intangibles such as $2 for perfume ingredients, but $200 for the story with Chanel number 5. Our price positions our product/service in the market. And we need to remember that existing customers are usually less price-sensitive, but we shouldn't exploit that often.
  • Promotion (the main element in sport). This is where we concentrate on SELLING the product. It is how we communicate with our customer, and involves 'vehicles' to convey our message about product, place & price, including: advertising; public relations; sponsorship (the most commonly used – and best returning – promotional type in sport); sales promotions; direct marketing; personal selling/contact; interactive/internet marketing; licensing; incentives ; and atmospherics (Baines & Fill, 2014, 2019).

And the three 'new' Ps are:

  • People: where those people are trained, and we have the 'right' person for the job. Customers will attach the product to the person, so we need to ensure that our after sales support and care is seamless, and 'brokered' by the person the customer knows, where possible. We will get repeat business that way.
  • Process: this is how services marketing is provided. Issues that arise in this areas include waiting times, and quality of information. Think call centre people who are unable to answer customer questions or approve a resolution! Tim Ferriss has a great solution, instructing call centre people to "Keep the customer happy. If it is a problem that takes less than $100 to fix, use your judgment and fix it yourself [...] without contacting me. [...] Do what you think is right, and we'll make adjustments as we go along" (Ferriss, 2006, p. 105). He didn't need to tweak this: most problems were resolved for less than USD$20, and customers were very happy. Customers want the system to work, which leaves us more capacity and fewer customers on hold. Processes should be designed by marketers, not by engineers.
  • Physical Evidence (environment): This is what we get to hold in our hot little hands. Our invoice, our ticket, a photo of the event. When we buy something intangible - like perfume - it is the bottle, and the case. It might be case studies about how to use the product, recipes, or testimonials. This includes branding, story-telling, matching advertising, facilities, expectations of product consistency, and how feedback is handled (Baines & Fill, 2014, 2019).

That gives us 7 Ps.


Sam

References:

Baines, P. & Fill, C. (2014). Marketing (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Baines, P., Fill, C., Rosengren, S., & Antonetti, P. (2019). Marketing (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Borden, N.H. (1964). The concept of the marketing mix. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(4), 2–7.

Ferriss, T. (2006). The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, live anywhere, and join the new rich. Crown Publishers.

read more "The 7 Ps of the marketing mix"

Wednesday, 20 July 2022

Consumer profile examples

As I posted earlier (here), developing a consumer profile is a ‘fast & dirty’ way of segmenting a market. It forms a rough starting point for us to think about the consumers in our desired market segment, which can then be tested via some type of market research.

The consumer profiling tool can be downloaded in pdf (here). This tool can be used for a range of different profile types. For example, we can use the same process, while keeping firmly in mind what we are creating the profile ABOUT, to create a brand profile, to check our ideal consumer against.

Or we can create an organisation profile to test how we would like the organisation to appear. Or we could consider what attributes the organisational culture has, so we can compare it to the organisational profile, or to survey our customers to see if they see the organisational culture in the same way we do.

Further, we can create a person specification to go with our job descriptions. This enables us to really drill down to what is important when hiring (this may mean that we want someone of indeterminate gender; age; ethnicity; marital status; but need someone who is a committed learner, with a measured work ethic). This can be particularly useful when wanting to really consider what type of person we want to hire, so we may hopefully enter the hiring process with fewer biases.

Lastly though, we must remember to test our consumer personality assumptions & results by collecting data from - for example - surveys or focus groups. We also need to carefully check the tightness of fit with our brand personality.

Once we have done that, we can develop target marketing, with closer brand positioning to be better aligned to attract the consumer personality. Sounds so easy!


Sam

References:

Grainger, A. (2009). Rugby, Pacific peoples, and the cultural politics of national identity in New Zealand. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(16), 2335-2357. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360903466776

Hoye, R., Smith, A. C. T., Nicholson, M., & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport Management: Principles and Applications (4th ed.). Routledge.

Kahle, L. R., & Riley, C. (2004). Sports Marketing and the Psychology Marketing Communication. Routledge.

Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of Marketing (14th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Morgan, M., & Summers, J. (2005). Sports Marketing. Cengage.

Young, S. (2008). Consumer Profiling. Author

read more "Consumer profile examples"

Monday, 18 July 2022

Consumer profiling

Market segmentation is a tool which allows us to divide a large market into smaller sub-markets with relatively similar needs. We do it so we can ensure that any marketing communications, offers, or advertising is tailored to suit the market, so we don’t waste our effort, or our customer’s time. Segmentation enables us to design a ‘marketing mix’ – ways of reaching those consumers – that more precisely matches the needs of those consumers in that segment. NB: the Marketing Mix is the combination of elements such as product, place, price & promotion, which we use to market our offer (Hoye et al., 2015; Kotler & Armstrong, 2012; Morgan & Summers, 2005), known as the 4Ps.

Developing a consumer profile is a ‘fast & dirty’ way of segmenting the market. It forms a rough starting point to commence thinking about the consumers in the desired market segment, which can then be tested via market research of some type.

This is not an EEO process. It is stereotyping, generalisation; and just a place to begin. Consumer Personality can be defined as those consistently exhibited personal characteristics – demographic, behavioural & psychographic – both as a self-concept & when in the presence of others.

Why do we need to know this? If we match our consumer needs more closely, then they are far more likely to buy… and be happy to buy. They will continue to buy our product or service, as opposed to a competitor’s; and may even become a product evangelist for us.

This work is best done in a small group, if we can. To begin, it is always good to sharpen our insights by together reviewing an existing consumer segment for a brand that the group knows well. Once practiced and the group agrees on the results, move to the target profile.

It is possible that there may only be one segment – the target market – for a brand or product. Starting by profiling the target market is fine (more segments can be explored later, if needed).

We imagine that our segment or target market is a single person, in the room with us. We ask this person the following questions, trying to have them be as honest as possible, as stereotypical as possible, so we can form a representative profile of the group. The questions I came up with are based on the work on sports psychology in marketing communications by Kahle and Riley (2004, p. 273), where they nest a range of domains called the SportNEST (Young, 2008):

So, with our segment/target as the focus, we ask them our twelve base questions. We can drill down and ask more questions - there is no limit to the questions we can ask around demographics, psychographics and behaviour – but these first twelve tend to give us a reasonably clear picture for our fast and dirty impression. Note that some questions may not be answerable, because the segment/target is not – for example – gendered. Or focused on a single ethnicity. Or able to be confined to a particular locale, or educational background. The questions are:

  1. What gender are they?
  2. What would their name be?
  3. How old would they be?
  4. What would their ethnic background be?
  5. What education would they have?
  6. Would they work? Who for?
  7. Where would they live?
  8. What car would they drive?
  9. What would their marital status be?
  10. What would their aspirations be?
  11. What would their hobbies be?
  12. What would their beliefs be?

This now moves us from ‘personality’ to a profile. We have a rough consumer profile we can use for targeting/segmentation. I developed this tool in 2008 to help customers and students to profile both consumers and brands very quickly, and it has proved very useful.


Sam

References:

Grainger, A. (2009). Rugby, Pacific peoples, and the cultural politics of national identity in New Zealand. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(16), 2335-2357. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360903466776

Hoye, R., Smith, A. C. T., Nicholson, M., & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport Management: Principles and Applications (4th ed.). Routledge.

Kahle, L. R., & Riley, C. (2004). Sports Marketing and the Psychology Marketing Communication. Routledge.

Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of Marketing (14th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Morgan, M., & Summers, J. (2005). Sports Marketing. Cengage.

Young, S. (2008). Consumer Profiling. Author

read more "Consumer profiling"

Wednesday, 9 February 2022

MLMs and pyramid schemes

I have written before about multi-level marketing (MLM) companies (here), which are effectively pyramid selling. Those companies say that they are not pyramid sellers, of course - as pyramid selling is illegal - because they sell you products. You know, those really expensive ordinary products that you pay three times the ordinary price for because you can ONLY buy it from them. And then you need to recruit your downstream people. And you clip their ticket on their sales.

And you get encouraged to attend conferences with lots of self-help on how to sell. Keynotes by those with 'Diamond" status and big houses. And are encouraged to recruit more people. And have trouble making your monthly sales targets. And your family members stop answering your calls.

Ah, a rose by any other name.

The only people who make money from pyramid- ah - MLM companies are those who get in very early. Then, as the 'get rich quick' scheme starts to roll out, and more suckers buy in, they lose money. In my view, these schemes are even more parasitic than hard-sell businesses such as car sales and real estate (showing my prejudice here, sorry).

I recently ran across a very good TED video which explains the following: the MLM concepts; the dangers; and outlines how a few in at the beginning make money, while most participants lose. This presentation is very, very clear.

What I particularly liked about the beginning of this presentation by Stacie Bosley was that it started with the proverb: if it seems to good to be true, it probably is (TED Ed, 2019). So, so accurate!

Please share this with anyone who is tempted to 'get rich quick'.


Sam

read more "MLMs and pyramid schemes"

Friday, 26 November 2021

Where AIDA came from

The AIDA model is a cornerstone of the marketing toolkit. AIDA is an acronym for four characteristics of marketing: awareness; interest; desire; and action. If we take these four elements one by one, we would explain them as:

  1. Awareness. This is where we seek to create product, service, or brand awareness with our customer. We want them to know we are there.
  2. Interest. Next we aim to start to create a need in the customer for more information. We want our customer to want to know more about product, service, or brand benefits, and to do some more research. This is effectively an information pull strategy.
  3. Desire. This is where our brand, service, or product starts to create an emotional connection with the customer. We aim to move the customer from 'like' to 'want'.
  4. Action. The want grows so powerful, the customer is spurred to do something about it. That may be baby steps on the path to purchase (such as a live chat with a salesperson, a test-drive, a sampling, or a trial); or it may be purchase.
Some marketers add a fifth, R, for Retention. This is relationship marketing where we not only think about our purchaser today, but into the future with conversion to evangelists (Godin, 2008).

AIDA is a useful model: but who is the founder? The development of the model is older than we think, but the 'facts' are murky. Buis (2015, p. 11), suggests that, while "The concept was first mentioned around the 1900’s, however the first link to marketing was theorized by Strong in 1925". So if we seek out Strong, who says:

”The development of the famous slogan—'attention, interest, desire, action, satisfaction'—illustrates this. In 1898 E. St. Elmo Lewis used the slogan, 'Attract attention, maintain interest, create desire,' in a course he was giving in advertising in Philadelphia. He writes that he obtained the idea from reading the psychology of William James. Later on he added to the formula, 'get action'." (1925, p. 9).

Frankelius (2016) also suggests the staff writer was St. Elmo Lewis:

"A forerunner of AIDA was a three-step model or formula with appeared anonymously in the February 9, 1898 issue of Printers' Ink" (p. 50), saying ”The mission of an advertisement is to sell goods. To do this, it must attract attention [...], contain matter which will interest and convince” (Frankelius, 2016, p. 26, citing Coolsen, 1947, p. 82).

I have been unable to source Coolsen, so do not know what was actually said.

Dragon (2011) thinks that others have it wrong, and that the founder is actually Frank Hutchinson Dukesmith, who was the editor of Salesmanship magazine in 1904. Dukesmith published the image shown with this post. I have not been able to sight the original magazines, but it is possible.

However, it seems likely that AIDA originated just at the end of the 19th Century, or at the beginning of the 20th. Over a century of service to marketers everywhere.


Sam

References:

read more "Where AIDA came from"

Friday, 3 July 2020

Macro-environmental scanning or PESTEL

Macro-environmental factors are a management framework for thinking about the external forces of change that occur outside any entity, beyond the organisation's circle of influence. There are seven of these external forces: those of demographic; technology; economic; socio-cultural; political; legal factors; and the environment (Brown & Weiner, 1985; Kotler, 1980, 1991; Kotler & Keller, 2006; Richardson, 2006). These forces are now normally written as an acronym (Richardson, 2006), with PESTEL being the version most commonly used in New Zealand.

Although primarily a marketing construct, macro-environmental factors (Brown & Weiner, 1985; Kotler, 1980, 1991; Kotler & Keller, 2006) must be considered at all levels of an organisation, whether that organisation is a multi-national entity (MNE), or a small not for profit sports club:
  1. Demographics: age, longevity, partnership, reproduction, migration, education, population, work, accommodation, mobility and health projections to know how, when and where there are shifts coming
  2. Technology: looking for next big thing. The change is likely to come from without your industry. A great example how how technology can change the world - and made me laugh - "A recent study by SRI International forecasts that the number of automated office work stations will exceed the existing number of electric typewriters by 1990" (Brown & Weiner, 1985, p. 43). Just imagine what Brown & Weiner would make of in 2017 that 90% of new roles require digital competence, and that almost 75% of employers wouldn't interview a non-digitally competent candidate (Digital Inclusion Research Group, 2017, citing two European research papers).
  3. Economics: income, savings, free trade, open markets, organisational, governmental and monetary cycles, policies and international agreements may affect our opportunity to borrow, to launch an IPO, to grow, or even to obtain letters of credit. As the world has grown smaller, the economic effects of one nation's actions have knock on effects on others. The Covid-19 situation being a superb example.
  4. Socio-cultural issues: these are our societal values, norms, beliefs and behaviours. Trends within our own culture or in the cultures of our main markets will usually shift slowly, but at times, can move with unexpected speed. User reviews on social media can easily demonise a company or product, going viral and causing major damage within hours.
  5. Politics: a change in public policy can make a huge difference in our ability to do business, play sport, run the Olympics or ship a product. Again, the Covid-19 situation being a superb example of how different nations, political parties or philosophical viewpoints affect our ability to run our organisations.
  6. Legal issues: organisations need to ensure that they keep up with the political and legal environment, including government agencies, NGOs, and pressure groups which influence consumer views. Some law changes will create business opportunities, such as new product manufacture from recycled materials (such as Flight Plastics in Wellington).
  7. Environment: organisations "need to be aware of threats and opportunities related to four trends: the shortage of raw materials, the increased cost of energy, increased pollution levels, and the changing role of governments." (Kotler & Keller, 2006). In Britain consumers have become very aware of single use plastics and air miles, which can significantly impact brand and company reputations; and the real cost of doing business which includes externalities and disposal.
We also need to try to determine if we are seeing a trend or a fad within each of these factors. A fad is short-lived, so we may be able to ignore it - or be aware that the ride we are on will end shortly - but a trend is something that we cannot afford to ignore (Kotler & Keller, 2006).

A PESTEL analysis can be used in combination with a SWOT analysis to develop a more targeted lens for the opportunities and threats analysis segments of the SWOT (more on SWOT here).


Sam

References:

  • Brown, A., & Weiner, E. (1985). Supermanaging: How to harness change for personal and organizational success. New American Library.
  • Digital Inclusion Research Group (2017). Digital New Zealanders: The Pulse of our Nation. https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/3228-digital-new-zealanders-the-pulse-of-our-nation-pdf
  • Kotler, P. (1980). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control (4th ed.). Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • Kotler, P. (1991).Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control (7th ed.). Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • Kotler, P., & Keller, K, L. (2006). A Framework for Marketing Management (3rd ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Richardson, J. V. (2006). A Brief Intellectual History of the STEPE Model or Framework (i.e., the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological). https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/richardson/STEPE.htm
  • Still, R. R. & Cundiffe, E. W. (1972). Essentials of Marketing (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall, Inc.
read more "Macro-environmental scanning or PESTEL"

Wednesday, 24 April 2019

Talking about Why

Sinek’s Golden Circle (4 May 2010)
One of my students' favourite YouTube clip discoveries year after year is a TED talk with Simon Sinek talking about what he terms "The Golden Circle".

The Golden Circle is the magic place which, in Simon Sinek's own words (4 May 2010, 4:03):
"Here's how Apple actually communicates: everything we do we believe in challenging the status quo. We believe in thinking differently. The way we challenge the status quo is by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use, and user friendly. We just happen to make great computers. Wanna buy one?"
As he says to introduce the idea of "Why", (4 May 2010, 02:22), “Every single person in every single organization on the planet knows what they do: 100%. Some know how they do it; you would you call it your differentiating value proposition, or your proprietary process, or your USP. But very, very few people or organizations know why they do what they do."

So why do we get stuff backwards? What makes us forget to tell people the 'why'? Harvey Deuschendorf (17 January 2019) suggests it is to do with our limbic brain and that we are actually run by emotions, for all we would like to think of ourselves as rational, careful decision-makers. He says "Our limbic system is one part of the brain that holds our emotions. The neocortex, on the other hand, is our powerful, thinking mind, which makes the decisions based upon information. When we make decisions, we probably like to think that we’re basing them on facts and data. But we’re making them based on our emotions, on the 'why'."

What do Black and Decker sell? Not drills, but holes. Customers want holes. What do motorbikes give us? Perceived freedom. What does face cream give us? Eternal youth. We need to truly understand what it is that we sell to our customer from the customer's point of view. We need to ask, survey, and get inside out customers' heads to find out exactly what it is that our product gives them. In education, what does our target market get? Choices? Confidence? Access? Networks? New opportunities? Knowledge? A second chance?

Until we find out, we are rudderless in being able to truly connect with our own 'why', which then means that our decisions will not lead to a strong and truly communicable brand.

We need to talk.


Sam

References:

read more "Talking about Why"

Friday, 5 June 2009

Newsletter Issue 167, June 2009



Sam Young Newsletter

Issue 167, June 2009
Hi guys,
Stats have set up a great little tool online called Infoshare which will help you with your Market Research - online.
For a quick tip on improving your click through rate on your e-newsletters, read Hooking Clients' Interest
Don't forget, if you want to be taken off my mailing list, click here to send me a reply e-mail and I will remove your name.

Online Market Research

With folk out there being more cautious about spending, it is now even more important to be effective in your marketing.
Understanding the demographics of your market will help you better target your marketing effort, so to undertake some effective marketing research on a shoestring, Statistics New Zealand, affectionately know as "Stats" has a lot of information online to help you determine your target market, your business needs and, logically, the resulting best use of your marketing dollar.
Stats newest tool for small business is called Infoshare, and, best of all, it's free.
Using Infoshare you can find out where New Zealanders live, about their work, their spending, how they like to live and their recreation habits.
The data in the Infoshare system is updated within five minutes of new data being officially released, on most working days; so you'll always have access to the most current, reliable information. It contains a range of data including economic information, demographic measures, data on the wholesale and the retail trades, and building consents (to name a few).
Infoshare is very easy to use by keyword searches. You can tailor the resulting information to suit your business through building customised data tables. Head off to http://www.stats.govt.nz/infoshare/database/SNZ/databaseSearch.asp to check out the search engine. I obtained the 2008 employment figures by region, by industry, in under a minute. Very, very easy to use, once you remember to use 'statistics' terminology!
To read more, go to http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/infoshare/default.htm. Not only is there a handy little "How To" pdf guide, but there is a calendar of data release dates, and a list of frequently asked questions.

Hooking Clients' Interest

Carrying on the marketing theme of this newsletter, I have a communications tip for you this time.
An Australian business - MacPhee's Pty Ltd - asked their marketing organisation why one e-newsletter they sent had a click-though rate of 17% of visitors to their webpage while another issue achieved a click-through rate of 25%?
After some research and some focus groups, apparently it all came down to the subject headings of each email. The first one simply said "MacPhee's Newsletter" whereas the more successful one had much more detail in the subject line (eg, "Decanting, Barossa Festival, Barossa Shiraz").
More people were willing to open the email if they were 'able to identify its contents'; which really comes down to giving the client a hook - a reason to read your communication that has meaning for them.
Thanks to CEO online for researching and publishing the MacPhee Case Study which contained this item, available to members at http://www.ceoonline.com/browse.aspx?ContentID=id28737
A very, very good tip indeed!

Customise Word's 'Smart Cut & Paste'

I am sure that you, like me, have tried to copy text into a Word document and had Word's 'Smart Cut and Paste' function fiddle with the formatting and turned it all to custard. More often than not, we don't want Word to adjust anything, but it best guesses the formatting when you paste text - often in a completely off the wall fashion.
The trouble is that 'Smart Cut and Paste' is enabled by default. While it works well for most people - most of the time - if we’re very specific with our editing, we might find it VERY annoying. If we do, we can disable it in Word 2003, as follows:
  1. Choose Options from the Tools menu.
  2. Click the Edit tab.
  3. Untick Smart Cut And Paste (in the Cut And Paste section).
However, by disabling it, we lose the good points as well as the bad.
But we can also customise it - in step 3, instead of unticking 'Smart Cut And Paste', we click the Settings button to display the options we can control. Then we tick the formatting settings we want to keep and untick those that we don't want. For instance, if we want to keep our paragraph settings, we untick the 'Adjust paragraph spacing on paste' option. 


Easy as anything, eh :-)

TLAs for SMEs

Here are this newsletter's TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms) for you:
  • TANSTAAFL, There Aint No Such Thing As A Free Lunch. Meaning that as much as we would like to get something for free, someone pays somewhere. Widely associated with Robert Heinlein (science fiction author) and used in his book "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress" in 1966, both the acronym and the phrase have an unknown author and date to the 1930s or 40s; though often attributed to Henry Wallace, the US Vice President between 1941 and 1945. See http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/tanstaafl.html
Please feel free to email me with any TLAs that you want to get the bottom (meaning!) of.

Tips, Short+Hot Keys
Over the next few newsletters, we are going to look at all you can do with Alt, Shift, Ctrl and backspace:
  • Windows "Undo the last action (NB: some actions, like Shutdown, cannot be undone)" Alt & Backspace
  • Word "Undo the last action (NB: some actions, like Shutdown, cannot be undone)" Alt & Backspace
  • Access "Undo the last action (NB: some actions, like Shutdown, cannot be undone)" Alt & Backspace
  • Frontpage "Undo the last action (NB: some actions, like Shutdown, cannot be undone)" Alt & Backspace
  • Outlook "Undo the last action (NB: some actions, like Shutdown, cannot be undone)" Alt & Backspace
  • Word "Redo" Alt & Shift & Backspace
  • Frontpage "Redo or repeat an action " Alt & Shift & Backspace
  • Windows "Redo the previously undone action; works within a window" Alt & Shift & Backspace

Hot Linx
Any Terry Pratchett fans who are wanting to spread the good word & get someone new into reading the Discworld books can go to http://www.au.lspace.org/books/reading-order-guides/ and download a starter guide in their choice of formats. These are very good.
If you have completed your strategic plan and are now developing your own business/marketing plan, go to http://www.nzte.govt.nz/get-ready-to-export/Starting-a-business/Documents/Planning-for-success.pdf to download a pdf guide from NZTE to help you
To look at ways to save money on your ACC levies, head over to http://www.acc.co.nz/for-business/small-medium-and-large-business/how-to-pay-less/index.htm to see what options may suit you.
To get rid of duplicate entries in Excel 2007, there is a natty little video How To on YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ET9Y8sJRH0I, put together by Debbie Mayo-Smith

                                Catch you again soon!! E-mail your suggestions to me here
read more "Newsletter Issue 167, June 2009"

Friday, 4 April 2008

Newsletter Issue 146, April 2008



Sam Young Newsletter

Issue 146, April 2008
Hi guys,
We have part three of our job seeker series by Ron McGowan on How to Market Yourself below.
For those of us who have become used to new world wine labels, The Great Wine Match is a great reminder of what wines used to be. 
Don't forget, if you want to be taken off my mailing list, click here to send me a reply e-mail and I will remove your name.

How to Market Yourself – Part 3

Now that you know exactly what you have to sell to employers or clients and where you are going to sell it, we come to the final step in the process: How are you going to sell it?
The sales cycle consists of two parts: marketing and selling. So before we go any further, let’s make sure that you understand the difference between them (most people don’t.)
First of all, marketing precedes selling. It refers to a wide range of activities that have as their objective getting the attention of potential buyers of a product or service. These activities can be anything from a sophisticated, expensive television commercial or infomercial to someone walking around a busy shopping area with a sandwich board strapped to them that is promoting a product or service.
Selling is what happens when you get the attention of a prospective buyer and they call you, walk into your store or visit your web site. Many employment seekers don’t understand this and it is the main reason for their lack of success in selling themselves. No professional sales organization is going to let a sales representative get in front of a customer until they have proven that they know the product or service they’re selling inside out and how it can benefit customers.
Employment seekers tend to jump straight into selling before they’re ready to sell, and when that doesn’t work assume that they’re not salespeople and never will be. You need to spend the majority of your time in the marketing phase and only when you have mastered that can you begin the selling phase.
To succeed in selling, you must first succeed in marketing. Parts One and Two were all about marketing and most of this section is about marketing. You’re not ready to sell yourself until you’ve done all the work required in these sections. Your success in selling yourself will be directly related to how hard you work at the marketing phase, how creative you are, and how willing you are to move out of your comfort zone.
As you go through the marketing phase, your self-confidence and eagerness to sell yourself will steadily rise. You are going to be pleasantly surprised at how successful you can be at selling yourself now that you know how the process works. Most employment seekers today use one marketing tool: a traditional resume or CV. It still has a place, if you’re applying for a job, but it’s the wrong tool for marketing yourself to employers or clients when you’re approaching them on speculation that they might benefit from the skills and experience you have to offer.
Today’s tools can include a visume, a two-and-a-half-minute visual resume, a marketing letter, blog, web site, brochure and variations on the traditional resume or CV, which are marketing oriented. The generic, one-size-fits-all resume or CV, or any other such tool is a dinosaur.
You need to tweak your marketing tools to address the needs of the employer or client you’re targeting. You must clearly indicate that you know something about them and imply that the experience and skills you have to offer will benefit them.
You must indicate in your marketing tool that you will promptly follow up with them and make sure you do that. Some employment seekers are reluctant to follow up and that is a major mistake. According to a February 2006 survey by Robert Half International, 86 per cent of Canadian executives said that employment seekers should follow up within a week of submitting an application.
There’s probably no other word that is used more frequently in relation to today’s workplace and that is more abused, misunderstood and overused than “networking.” That’s unfortunate, because if you understand what networking is really all about and you’re prepared to invest the time it takes to put an effective networking strategy together, it is probably the most powerful tool you can use to market yourself and find hidden work opportunities.
You first need to be clear about your motives for networking. Successful networkers are givers, not takers. If you only contact people when you need help, you’re not a networker, you’re a sponge. Successful networkers give generously of their time and expertise to their profession and their community. You will find them serving on the executive and committees of the professional associations they belong to and on the board of at least one non-profit or charitable association in their community.
Many so-called networking events are a waste of time. They attract employment seekers, recruiters who are looking for commission salespeople, personal coaches and the like. If an event is being marketed as a networking event, you probably should avoid it. It is highly unlikely that the people you need to connect with will be there.
You need to determine what activities such as seminars, courses, trade shows and conferences are coming up in the next few months where the people you want to connect with are likely to attend and sign up for them. You need to be patient and not expect immediate results from the networking events that you attend.
If you’re on the executive or committees of the professional associations you belong to, if you are on the board of at least one non-profit or charitable association in your community and your motive for networking is not self-serving, you will have your share of success. Write some articles for the journals or newsletters of the professional associations you belong to, volunteer as a speaker at events where people can benefit from your expertise, or start up a new association or special interest group in your area and you will be on the radar screens of the people you need to connect with.
That concludes this series.
Author Bio: For over a decade, Ron McGowan has helped thousands of US graduates and professionals find work. His book, “How to Find Work in the 21st Century” is currently in use in America in colleges, universities and secondary schools (go to http://www.trafford.com/00-0131).
 

The Great Wine Match

In a recent edition of Cuisine magazine, John Saker adroitly listed how 'new world' wine titles matched with the old French appellation names:
  • SAUVIGNON BLANC There are three main French appellations, spread between two very different regions, where Sauvignon Blanc has a traditional presence. They are Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume in the Loire Valley, and Graves, nestling beside the River Gironde in Bordeaux. In Graves, Sauvignon Blanc is usually blended with another white grape, Semillon.
  • CHARDONNAY The regional translation for arguably the world's most famous grape is Burgundy. Most white Burgundies are made using only Chardonnay. There are many famous appellations inside the region, including Chablis, Pouilly-Fuisse. Meursault and the Montrachets. Chardonnay is also one of the main varieties used to make Champagne. In Champagne, Chardonnay vinified solo is called Blanc de Blancs.
  • PINOT GRIS The original French home for Pinot Gris is Alsace, where for a long time it was called Tokay d'Alsace (the name has been dropped at the behest of the Hungarians, whose ancient Tokaj wine has nothing to do with Pinot Gris).
  • RIESLING The French HQ for Riesling is also Alsace, where it was introduced from Germany.
  • VIOGNIER You will find in-vogue Viognier all over southern France these days, though it appeared first in the wines of the Condrieu appellation in the northern Rhone. Small amounts of Viognier are blended with Syrah to make many of the wines at neighbouring Cote Rotie.
  • PINOT NOIR The region synonymous with Pinot is Burgundy, where the grape is responsible for some of the world's most revered reds. Among the many famous Burgundy estates, Domaine de la Romanee-Conti is the most celebrated. Pinot Noir is also a major contributor to Champagne.
  • SYRAH Syrah's strong-hold is the Rhone Valley. Cote Rotie and Hermitage are two northern Rhone appellations that owe their greatness to Syrah. In the southern Rhone it is joined by a host of other varieties to create the famed Chateauneuf-du-Pape.
  • CABERNET SAUVIGNON, MERLOT, CABERNET FRANC These three grapes are the mainstays of the famed blended reds of Bordeaux, the wine the English like to call claret. The degree to which each is present in the blend varies according to location. For example, in the Medoc appellation Cabernet Sauvignon is the dominant grape; in St-Emilion, Merlot is king.
While I realise that there is a trend for the French to now add the varietal on their bottles (interesting; they prevented our new world vintners putting the appellation on bottles originally, which gave rise to the varietal system that the French are now being forced to adopt!), this wee list certainly demystifies buying French wine.

Autostitch Freeware

For those of you who like taking panoramic shots with their cameras, then this cute little piece of freeware is definitely for you.
Called Autostitch, this little package was developed by two guys from the University of British Columbia in Canada; Matthew Brown and David Lowe.
I downloaded this software to put together some holiday images, and it was fantastic. However, there are some little tricks that I had to nut out to get the application to work properly (the online help is very thin).
Each time you start the software, click on the Edit menu, and select Options.
  • Under Output size, set Width & Height to "0" and Scale to 100%.
  • Under Other Options, set System Memory to "0.75" and JPEG Quality to 100.
  • Click OK and then go to the File menu, and navigate to where your images are, and select them.

The software will pop up a DOS window once it starts processing (just ignore it), then will open your stitched image in your default image editing software. Make your changes to the stitched image & then save it to your desired location.
If you then want to stitch another image, close your image editing software and then go back into the Edit menu, and select Options and reset the Output Size & Other Options again.
To download, go to http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~mbrown/autostitch/autostitch.html and click on the "FREE demo version now" link. There is no paid version as yet unless you want to partner with the creators to develop a software solution.

TLAs for SMEs

Here are this newsletter's TLAs for you:
  • OLED, Organic Light Emitting Diode. A display technology, pioneered and patented by Kodak, based on the use of organic polymer material as the semiconductor material in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Said to be the next big thing in 2008.

Please feel free to email me with any TLAs that you want to get the bottom (meaning!) of.

Tips, Short+Hot Keys
Over the next few newsletters, we are going to look at all you can do with Alt and letters. This time it's C:
  • Excel "Open the Address Book in the cc box or move the selected field into the Column area; Use within the Pivot Table Wizard" Alt & C
  • Outlook "Close print preview or Accept when responding to an E-Mail schedule request" Alt & C
  • PowerPoint "Switch to the Contents tab" Alt & C
  • Access "Display Contents dialog box; use within Help menu" Alt & C
  • IE "Close Print Preview. " Alt & C
  • Word "Display Contents dialog box; use within Help menu or open the Address Book while working in the CC field when sending email" Alt & C

Hot Linx
If you need any OECD statistics to support the findings of a report, for analysis or for a business case, go to http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/Default.aspx?usercontext=sourceoecd
Are you someone who loses their keys? Then read this article from Popular Science - your days of worrying might be over, and sooner than you think; http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-03/cyber-goggles-human-tagging
An armchair tourist? Then take a 3D tour around a host of exotic CGI locations at http://www.mypictures3d.com/galleries.html
A robot developed by the Canadian Space Agency, called Dextre, will be heading out into space to join the International Space Station. Check it out at http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/missions/sts-123/default.asp

                                Catch you again soon!! E-mail your suggestions to me here
read more "Newsletter Issue 146, April 2008"